Class of Platform-Tolerant High Encoding Capacity Chipless RFID Tags for EAN/GTIN Encoding
Milan Polívka, Milan Švanda
Abstract
In this article, we investigate a class of novel platform-tolerant chipless RFID tags composed of an array of variable-length notched microstrip line resonators backed by a metallic backscatterer. A <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$60\times80$ </tex-math></inline-formula> mm 2 proof-of-concept tag is presented using sub-band frequency shift coding (SB-FSC) with <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$N=$ </tex-math></inline-formula> 13 elements, each representing <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$M=$ </tex-math></inline-formula> 10 digits (0–9) demonstrating an European Article Number (EAN)/ global trade item number (GTIN)-13 encoding providing a total of <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${N} \times $ </tex-math></inline-formula> log2 <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${M}\,\,=$ </tex-math></inline-formula> 43 bits/tag. A pair of microstrip resonators serves as a frequency reference. The tag operates in the frequency range from 1.4 to 4.2 GHz with an encoding density 36.7 bits/ <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\lambda ^{2}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> /GHz at the center frequency. The concept thus demonstrates the integration of chipless RFID technology and GS1 standards in an Internet of Things (IoT) paradigm.