ISPAD Clinical Practice Consensus Guidelines 2024: Screening, Staging, and Strategies to Preserve Beta-Cell Function in Children and Adolescents with Type 1 Diabetes
Michael J. Haller, Kirstine J. Bell, Rachel Besser, Kristina Casteels, Jenny J. Couper, Maria E. Craig, Helena Elding Larsson, Laura M. Jacobsen, Karin Lange, Tal Oron, Emily K. Sims, Cate Speake, Mustafa Tosur, Francesca Ulivi, Anette G. Ziegler, Diane K. Wherrett, M. Loredana Marcovecchio
Abstract
The International Society for Pediatric and Adolescent Diabetes (ISPAD) guidelines represent a rich repository that serves as the only comprehensive set of clinical recommendations for children, adolescents, and young adults living with diabetes worldwide. This guideline serves as an update to the 2022 ISPAD consensus guideline on staging for type 1 diabetes (T1D). Key additions include an evidence-based summary of recommendations for screening for risk of T1D and monitoring those with early-stage T1D. In addition, a review of clinical trials designed to delay progression to Stage 3 T1D and efforts seeking to preserve beta-cell function in those with Stage 3 T1D are included. Lastly, opportunities and challenges associated with the recent US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approval of teplizumab as an immunotherapy to delay progression are discussed. The International Society for Pediatric and Adolescent Diabetes (ISPAD) guidelines represent a rich repository that serves as the only comprehensive set of clinical recommendations for children, adolescents, and young adults living with diabetes worldwide. This guideline serves as an update to the 2022 ISPAD consensus guideline on staging for type 1 diabetes (T1D). Key additions include an evidence-based summary of recommendations for screening for risk of T1D and monitoring those with early-stage T1D. In addition, a review of clinical trials designed to delay progression to Stage 3 T1D and efforts seeking to preserve beta-cell function in those with Stage 3 T1D are included. Lastly, opportunities and challenges associated with the recent US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approval of teplizumab as an immunotherapy to delay progression are discussed.