Group-Based Physical Activity Interventions Targeting Enjoyment in Older Adults: A Systematic Review
Rachel M Creighton, Kyle F. Paradis, Nicole E. Blackburn, Mark A. Tully
Abstract
In previous research, older adults reported they preferred enjoyable exercise programmes. The aim of this systematic review is to identify the components of enjoyable group-based physical activity interventions for older adults. Eleven electronic databases were searched in May 2021. Inclusion criteria were: Community-dwelling, ≥60 years of age, group-based physical activity, controlled intervention studies, designed to promote enjoyment, and included a measure of enjoyment or physical activity. Characteristics of the studies, intervention content, and enjoyment outcomes were extracted. Six studies, involving 1205 participants (Mean = 72.9 years old, 71.3% female, 67% European countries) were included. While enjoyment outcomes (n = 3) appeared to improve, there was wide heterogeneity in measurement tools, making it difficult to compare studies. Enjoyable group-based physical activity for older adults may consist of a supportive instructor and peers, creating a shared positive experience. Components included confidence building through competence, and courage experienced in the company of others. Within a physically supportive environment, older adults have the potential to generate social support to enjoy being physically active together. Future studies should include measures of enjoyment and device-based physical activity. Furthermore, a standardised definition of enjoyable physical activity for older adults is needed to inform the design of future interventions.