Gallic and Ellagic Acids Are Promising Adjuvants to Conventional Amphotericin B for the Treatment of Cutaneous Leishmaniasis
Michel Muálem de Moraes Alves, Daniel Dias Rufino Arcanjo, Kayo Alves Figueiredo, Jéssica Sara de Sousa Macêdo Oliveira, Felipe José Costa Viana, Elvilene de Sousa Coêlho, Gláucia Laís Nunes Lopes, Juan Carlos Ramos Gonçalves, André Luís Menezes Carvalho, Márcia dos Santos Rizzo, Mariana Helena Chaves, Ivete Lopes de Mendonça, Fernando Aécio de Amorim Carvalho
Abstract
After 40 days of infection, the animals were divided into 6 groups and treated twice a day for 21 days with a gel containing Amph B, GA, Amph B plus GA, EA, or Amph B plus EA, and the negative-control group was treated with the vehicle. In the animals that received treatment, there was reduction of the lesion size and reduction of the parasitic load. Histopathological analysis of the treatments with GA, EA, and combinations with Amph B showed circumscribed lesions with the presence of fibroblasts, granulation tissue, and collagen deposition, as well as the presence of activated macrophages. The formulations containing GA and EA activated macrophages in all evaluated parameters, resulting in the activation of cells of the innate immune response, which can generate healing and protection. GA and EA produced an associative effect with Amph B, which makes them promising for use with conventional Amph B in the treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis.