Dependence of Northern Hemisphere Tropospheric Transport on the Midlatitude Jet Under Abrupt CO<sub>2</sub> Increase
Xiyue Zhang, Darryn W. Waugh, Clara Orbe
Abstract
Abstract Understanding how the transport of gases and aerosols responds to climate change is necessary for policy making and emission controls. There is considerable spread in model projections of tracer transport in climate change simulations, largely because of the substantial uncertainty in projected changes in the large‐scale atmospheric circulation. In particular, a relationship between the response of tropospheric transport into the high latitudes and a shift of the midlatitude jet has been previously established in an idealized modeling study. To test the robustness of this relationship, we analyze the response of a passive tracer of northern midlatitude surface origin to abrupt 2xCO 2 and 4xCO 2 in a comprehensive climate model (Goddard Institute for Space Studies E2.2‐G). We show that a poleward shift of the northern midlatitude jet and enhanced eddy mixing along isentropes on the poleward flank of the jet result in decreased tracer concentrations over the midlatitudes and increased concentrations over the Arctic. This mechanism is robust in abrupt 2xCO 2 and 4xCO 2 simulations, the nonlinearity to CO 2 forcing, and two versions of the model with different atmospheric chemistry. Preliminary analysis of realistic chemical tracers suggests that the same mechanism can be used to provide insights into the climate change response of anthropogenic pollutants.