TDP-43 loss induces cryptic polyadenylation in ALS/FTD
Sam Bryce-Smith, Anna‐Leigh Brown, Max Z. Y. J. Chien, Dario Dattilo, Puja R. Mehta, Francesca Mattedi, Simone Barattucci, Alla Mikheenko, Matteo Zanovello, Flaminia Pellegrini, Sara Emad El-Agamy, Matthew Yome, Sarah E. Hill, Yue Qi, Kai Sun, Eugeni Ryadnov, Yixuan Wan, Hemali Phatnani, Justin Kwan, Dhruv Sareen, James R. Broach, Zachary Simmons, Ximena Arcila-Londono, Edward B. Lee, Vivianna M. Van Deerlin, Neil A. Shneider, Ernest Fraenkel, Lyle W. Ostrow, Frank Baas, Noah Zaitlen, James D. Berry, Andrea Malaspina, Gregory A. Cox, Leslie M. Thompson, Steven Finkbeiner, Efthimios Dardiotis, Timothy M. Miller, Siddharthan Chandran, Suvankar Pal, Eran Hornstein, Daniel J. MacGowan, Terry Heiman‐Patterson, Molly Hammell, Nikolaos A. Patsopoulos, Josh Dubnau, Avindra Nath, Robert Bowser, Matthew B. Harms, Eleonora Aronica, Mary Poss, Jennifer E. Phillips‐Cremins, John F. Crary, Nazem Atassi, Dale J. Lange, Darius J. Adams, Leonidas Stefanis, Marc Gotkine, Robert H. Baloh, Suma Babu, Sabrina Paganoni, Ophir Shalem, Colin Smith, Bin Zhang, Justin Kwan, Thomas G. Blanchard, Brent T. Harris, Iris Broce, Vivian E. Drory, John Ravits, Corey T. McMillan, Vilas Menon, Lani F. Wu, Steven J. Altschuler, Yossef Lerner, Rita Sattler, Kendall Van Keuren‐Jensen, Orit Rozenblatt–Rosen, Kerstin Lindblad‐Toh, Katharine Nicholson, Peter K. Gregersen, Jeong‐Ho Lee, Oleg Butovsky, Matt Brauer, T. Nickerson, Shameek Biswas, Kimberly Wilson, Sulev Kõks, Stephen Muljo, Bryan J. Traynor, Robert Moccia, Seng H. Cheng, Andrew Deubler, Giovanni Coppola, Mickey Atwal, Michael Cantor, William Salerno, Eli A. Stahl, Matt Anderson, David Frendewey, Daphne Koller
Abstract
Nuclear depletion and cytoplasmic aggregation of the RNA-binding protein TDP-43 are cellular hallmarks of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). TDP-43 nuclear loss causes de-repression of cryptic exons, yet cryptic alternative polyadenylation (APA) events have been largely overlooked. In this study, we developed a bioinformatic pipeline to reliably identify alternative last exons, 3' untranslated region (3'UTR) extensions and intronic polyadenylation APA event types, and we identified cryptic APA sites induced by TDP-43 loss in induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived neurons. TDP-43 binding sites are enriched at sites of these cryptic events, and TDP-43 can both repress and enhance APA. All categories of cryptic APA were also identified in ALS and frontotemporal dementia (FTD) postmortem brain tissue. RNA sequencing (RNA-seq), thiol(SH)-linked alkylation for the metabolic sequencing of RNA (SLAM-seq) and ribosome profiling (Ribo-seq) revealed that distinct cryptic APA categories have different downstream effects on transcript levels and that cryptic 3'UTR extensions can increase RNA stability, leading to increased translation. In summary, we demonstrate that TDP-43 nuclear depletion induces cryptic APA, expanding the palette of known consequences of TDP-43.