Unraveling complexity and leveraging opportunities in uncommon breast cancer subtypes
Fresia Pareja, Rohit Bhargava, Virginia F. Borges, Edi Brogi, Rita Canas‐Marques, Fátima Cardoso, Christine Desmedt, Malini Harigopal, Sunil R. Lakhani, Adrian V. Lee, José Pablo Leone, Hannah Linden, Christopher J. Lord, Caterina Marchiò, Sofía D. Merajver, Emad A. Rakha, Jorge S. Reis‐Filho, Andrea L. Richardson, Elinor J. Sawyer, Pepper Schedin, Christopher J. Schwartz, Andrew Tutt, Naoto T. Ueno, Anne Vincent‐Salomon, Britta Weigelt, Y. Hannah Wen, Stuart J. Schnitt, Steffi Oesterreich
Abstract
Special histologic subtypes of breast cancer (BC) exhibit unique phenotypes and molecular profiles with diagnostic and therapeutic implications, often differing in behavior and clinical trajectory from common BC forms. Novel methodologies, such as artificial intelligence may improve classification. Genetic predisposition plays roles in a subset of cases. Uncommon BC presentations like male, inflammatory and pregnancy-related BC pose challenges. Emerging therapeutic strategies targeting genetic alterations or immune microenvironment are being explored.