COVID-19 and cardiac injury: clinical manifestations, biomarkers, mechanisms, diagnosis, treatment, and follow up
Amir Tajbakhsh, Seyed Mohammad Gheibi Hayat, Hajar Taghizadeh, Ali Akbari, Masoumeh inabadi, Amir Savardashtaki, Thomas P. Johnston, Amirhossein Sahebkar
Abstract
INTRODUCTION: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has the characteristics of high transmission, diverse clinical manifestations, and a long incubation period. In addition to infecting the respiratory system, COVID-19 also has adverse effects on the cardiovascular system. COVID-19 causes acute myocardial injuries, as well as chronic damage to the cardiovascular system. AREAS COVERED: The present review is aimed at providing current information on COVID-19 and the cardiovascular system. PubMed, Scopus, Science direct, and Google Scholar were searched. EXPERT OPINION: : World Health Organization.