Buffered lidocaine 1%/epinephrine 1:100,000 with sodium bicarbonate (sodium hydrogen carbonate) in a 3:1 ratio is less painful than a 9:1 ratio: A double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, crossover trial
Alexandra Vent, Christian Surber, Nicole Tracy Graf Johansen, Verena Figueiredo, Georg Schönbächler, Laurence Imhof, Caroline Buset, Jürg Hafner
Topics & Concepts
MedicineSodium bicarbonateEpinephrineAnesthesiaPlaceboLidocaineSodiumRandomized controlled trialDouble blindBicarbonateInternal medicineOrganic chemistryAlternative medicinePathologyChemistryPediatric Pain Management TechniquesThermal Regulation in MedicineDental Anxiety and Anesthesia Techniques