Thalamic transcranial ultrasound stimulation in treatment resistant depression
Joline M. Fan, Kai Woodworth, Keith R. Murphy, Leighton B. Hinkley, Joshua L. Cohen, Joanne Yoshimura, Inhauck Choi, Alexandra G Tremblay-McGaw, Joncarmen Mergenthaler, Cameron H. Good, Peter A. Pellionisz, A Moses Lee, Tommaso Di Ianni, Leo P. Sugrue, Andrew D. Krystal
Abstract
Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a leading cause of disability worldwide with one-third of cases being treatment resistant [1]. Symptom heterogeneity suggests variability across affected brain networks, prompting efforts to personalize circuit-based neuromodulatory interventions. For example, personalized deep brain stimulation (DBS) has been achieved by selecting different treatment targets based on phenotypes or mapping stimulation responses [1]. However, DBS is invasive, and the stability of optimal long-term treatment within a dynamic and adaptive brain remains unknown.