Editorial: Chemical testing using new approach methodologies (NAMs)

Abstract

In 2007, the U.S. National Research Council (NRC) introduced a novel approach to assure the safety 15 of chemicals based on human-relevant mechanisms of toxicity in their landmark publication 16 "Toxicity Testing in the 21 st Century: A Vision and a Strategy" (NRC, 2007). As written by 17 Andersen and Krewski (2009), member and chair of the NRC Committee on Toxicity Testing and 18Assessment of Environmental Agents, the vision detailed "a not-so-distant future in which virtually 19 all routine testing would be conducted in human cells or lines in vitro" (Andersen and Krewski, 20 2009). This

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