Complete spectrum of adverse events associated with chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cell therapies
Chieh Yang, John Nguyen, Yun Yen
Abstract
Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cell therapies have been approved by FDA to treat relapsed or refractory hematological malignancies. However, the adverse effects of CAR-T cell therapies are complex and can be challenging to diagnose and treat. In this review, we summarize the major adverse events, including cytokine release syndrome (CRS), immune effector cell-associated neurotoxicity syndrome (ICANS), and CAR T-cell associated HLH (carHLH), and discuss their pathophysiology, symptoms, grading, and diagnosis systems, as well as management. In a future outlook, we also provide an overview of measures and modifications to CAR-T cells that are currently being explored to limit toxicity.
Topics & Concepts
Chimeric antigen receptorCytokine release syndromeAdverse effectMedicineImmunologyImmune systemImmunotherapyT cellBioinformaticsInternal medicineBiologyCAR-T cell therapy researchAdvancements in Semiconductor Devices and Circuit Design