Considerations and methods for placebo controls in surgical trials (ASPIRE guidelines)

David Beard, Marion Campbell, Jane Blazeby, Andrew Carr, Charles Weijer, Brian H. Cuthbertson, Rachelle Buchbinder, Thomas Pinkney, Felicity L. Bishop, Jonathan Pugh, Sian Cousins, Ian A. Harris, Stefan Lohmander, Natalie Blencowe, Katie Gillies, Pascal Probst, Carol Brennan, Andrew Cook, Dair Farrar-Hockley, Julian Savulescu, Richard Huxtable, Amar Rangan, Irene Tracey, Peter Brocklehurst, Manuela L. Ferreira, Jon Nicholl, Barnaby C Reeves, Freddie C. Hamdy, Samuel Rowley, Jonathan Cook