Evolution and Trends in Sign Language Avatar Systems: Unveiling a 40-Year Journey via Systematic Review
Maryam Aziz, Achraf Othman
Abstract
Sign language (SL) avatar systems aid communication between the hearing and deaf communities. Despite technological progress, there is a lack of a standardized avatar development framework. This paper offers a systematic review of SL avatar systems spanning from 1982 to 2022. Using PRISMA guidelines, we shortlisted 47 papers from an initial 1765, focusing on sign synthesis techniques, corpora, design strategies, and facial expression methods. We also discuss both objective and subjective evaluation methodologies. Our findings highlight key trends and suggest new research avenues for improving SL avatars.
Topics & Concepts
AvatarSign languageSign (mathematics)Computer scienceFacial expressionKey (lock)Human–computer interactionPsychologyLinguisticsArtificial intelligenceComputer securityMathematicsMathematical analysisPhilosophyHand Gesture Recognition SystemsHearing Impairment and CommunicationTactile and Sensory Interactions