Deubiquitinase USP19 modulates apoptotic calcium release and endoplasmic reticulum stress by deubiquitinating BAG6 in triple negative breast cancer
Xiaoqiang Zhang, Xuyu Chen, Fangze Qian, Yanhui Zhu, Gao He, Junzhe Yang, Xian Wu, Hongfei Zhang, Xiafei Yu, Xiaoan Liu
Abstract
Abstract Background Triple‐negative breast cancer (TNBC), a heterogeneous subtype of breast cancer (BC), had poor prognosis. Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress was responsible for cellular processes and played a crucial role in the cell function. ER stress is a complex and dynamic process that can induce abnormal apoptosis and death. However, the underlying mechanism of ER stress involved in TNBC is not well defined. Methods We identified ubiquitin‐specific protease 19 ( USP19 ) as a TNBC negative regulator for further investigation. The effects of USP19 on BC proliferation were assessed in vitro using proliferation test and cell‐cycle assays, while the effects in vivo were examined using a mouse tumorigenicity model. Through in vitro flow cytometric analyses and in vivo TUNEL assays, cell apoptosis was assessed. Proteomics was used to examine the proteins that interact with USP19. Results Multiple in vitro and in vivo tests showed that USP19 decreases TNBC cell growth while increasing apoptosis. Then, we demonstrated that USP19 interacts with deubiquitinates and subsequently stabilises family molecular chaperone regulator 6 ( BAG6 ). BAG6 can boost B‐cell lymphoma 2 ( BCL2 ) ubiquitination and degradation, thereby raising ER calcium (Ca 2+ ) levels and causing ER stress. We also found that the N 6 ‐methyladenosine (m 6 A) “writer” methyltransferase‐like 14 ( METTL14 ) increased global m 6 A modification. Conclusions Our study reveals that USP19 elevates the intracellular Ca 2+ concentration to alter ER stress via regulation of BAG6 and BCL2 stability and may be a viable therapeutic target for TNBC therapy.