Testosterone treatment improves liver function and reduces cardiovascular risk: A long-term prospective study
Ahmad R. Al‐Qudimat, Raed M. Al‐Zoubi, Aksam Yassin, Mustafa Alwani, Omar M. Aboumarzouk, Khalid Al‐Rumaihi, Raidh Talib, Abdulla Al Ansari
Abstract
The findings suggest that long-term testosterone therapy in hypogonadal men improves liver function. While, the physiological and functional improvements in the liver may be associated with a decrease in CVD-related mortality. Abbreviations ALT: alanine transaminase; AR: androgen receptor; AST: aspartate transaminase; BMI: body mass index; CVD: cardiovascular disease; FLI: Fatty Liver Index; γ-GT: gamma-glutamyl-transferase; MetS: metabolic syndrome; LDL: low-density lipoprotein; NAFLD: non-alcoholic fatty liver disease; RCT: randomised controlled trial; T2DM: type II diabetes mellitus; TT: total testosterone; TTh: testosterone therapy; TU: testosterone undecanoate; WC: waist circumference.