Assessment of Heavy Metals in the Sediments of Chalan Beel Wetland Area in Bangladesh
Mohammad Abdus Salam, M. A. Alam, Sulav Indra Paul, Fatama Islam, Dinesh Chandra Shaha, MM Rahman, Md. Arifur Rahman Khan, Mohammad Mahbubur Rahman, A. K. M. Aminul Islam, Tofayel Ahamed, G. K. M. Mustafizur Rahman, Mohammad Giashuddin Miah, Abdul Mannan Akanda, Tofazzal Islam
Abstract
This study aimed to determine the levels and possible sources of heavy metals (HMs) in the sediments of Chalan beel (a large lake-like aquatic ecosystem) area located in the northwestern part of Bangladesh. The mean concentrations (mg kg−1) of two HMs, Cd (6.22) and Pb (51.39) exceeded the world normal averages (WNA), whereas the mean concentrations (mg kg−1) of Ni (60.46), Zn (10.75), Mn (8.64) and Cu (4.71) were below the WNA. The sediments showed significant enrichment with Cd, Pb and Ni in the studied area. The geo-accumulation index values of Cd (3.72) and Pb (0.76) were significantly higher in the sediments. The contamination factor and potential ecological risk index values of Cd and Pb revealed that Chalan beel was extremely and moderately contaminated by these heavy metals, respectively. Analysis of dye complexes used in handlooms around the Chalan beel areas revealed that mean concentrations of Cd and Pb exceeded the WNA. Furthermore, analyses of principal component, cluster and correlation matrix indicated that the presence of the higher levels of Cd and Pb in the sediments might be linked to various anthropogenic activities like discharged dyes into the beel water from the nearby handloom dyeing factories.