Synthesis of Calcium Phosphate Extracted from Eggshell Waste through Precipitation Method
Aisyah Razak, Najah Mat, Sharifah Adzila, J Lim, M You, J Li, Z Li, G Cao, Y Huang, K Li, Y Fan, H Xie, X Li, R Setiawati, P Rahardjo, Von Euw, S Wang, Y Laurent, G Drouet, C Babonneau, F Nassif, N Azais, T, J Gasser, M Kneissel, S Adzila, N Mustaffa, N Kanasan, Y Dinel, Y Fillingham, J Jacobs, R Li, G Zhu, C Chen, Y Chen, G Ren, H Haugen, S Lyngstadaas, F Rossi, G Perale, P Baldwin, D Li, D Auston, H Mir, R Yoon, K Koval, M Moore, B Samsell, J Mclean, H Singh, I Moss, F Mahyudin, D Utomo, H Suroto, T Martanto, M Edward, I Gaol, E Marin, F Boschetto, G Pezzotti, H Rezaie, H Rizi, M Khamseh, A chsner, M Khan, M Chen, M Prokopowicz, A Szewczyk, A Skwira, R Sdej, G Walker, T Levingstone, S Herbaj, N Dunne, S Adzila, N Mustaffa, N Kanasan, N Nordin, A Rus, N Bano, L Sierra, D Escobar, C Campion, K Hing, S Owuamanam, D Cree, N Ajayan, K Shahanamol, A Arun, S Soman, M Horta, M Aguilar, F Moura, J Campos, V Ramos, A Quizunda, S Hassanajili, A Pour, A Oryan, Khozani
Abstract
Biomaterials for bone engineering applications are eagerly developing as traditional bone grafting methods show several drawbacks after and during operation. Eggshell waste contains high calcium suitable for developing biomaterials in hard tissue engineering as bone made up of calcium and phosphate. The precipitation method is one of the synthesis methods to produce calcium phosphate (CaP). In this work, calcium source was extracted from eggshell waste while phosphate source was from ortho-phosphoric acid. The synthesized CaP powder was calcined at different temperatures. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis shows two types of CaP patterns are hydroxyapatite (HA) and β-Tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP). Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) shows phosphate ion band in every sample while scanning electron microscopy (SEM) shows the transformation of structure from needle-like to more fluffy and rounded-edge structure from uncalcined to 1000°C. From the results obtained, CaP extracted from eggshell waste was successfully synthesized from the precipitation method. This method contributes to the materials processing cost reduction and increases the application of natural materials instead of synthetic ones.