Some Quantum Measurements with Three Outcomes Can Reveal Nonclassicality where All Two-Outcome Measurements Fail to Do So
H. Chau Nguyen, Otfried Gühne
Abstract
Measurements serve as the intermediate communication layer between the quantum world and our classical perception. So, the question of which measurements efficiently extract information from quantum systems is of central interest. Using quantum steering as a nonclassical phenomenon, we show that there are instances where the results of all two-outcome measurements can be explained in a classical manner, while the results of some three-outcome measurements cannot. This points to the important role of the number of outcomes in revealing the nonclassicality hidden in a quantum system. Moreover, our methods allow us to improve the understanding of quantum correlations by delivering novel criteria for quantum steering and improved ways to construct local hidden variable models.