Maternal use of nicotine products and breastfeeding 3 months postpartum
Live S. Nordhagen, Ina Kreyberg, Karen Eline Stensby Bains, Kai‐Håkon Carlsen, Kari Glavin, Håvard Ove Skjerven, Milada Cvancarova Småstuen, Katarina Hilde, Björn Nordlund, Riyas Vettukattil, Gunilla Hedlin, Berit Granum, Christine Monceyron Jonassen, Hrefna Guðmundsdóttir, Guttorm Haugen, Eva Maria Rehbinder, Cilla Söderhäll, Anne Cathrine Staff, Karin C. Lødrup Carlsen, PreventADALL study group
Abstract
AIM: We aimed to determine the prevalence of and factors associated with maternal use of nicotine products in relation to breastfeeding. METHODS: Nicotine use 3 months postpartum was determined in the Scandinavian PreventADALL mother-child birth cohort study recruiting 1837 women from 2014 to 2016. Electronic questionnaires at 18 weeks pregnancy and 3 months postpartum provided information on snus use, smoking or other nicotine use, infant feeding and socio-economic factors. The risk of nicotine use in relation to breastfeeding was analysed with logistic regression. RESULTS: Overall, 5.6% of women used snus (2.9%), smoked (2.7%) or both (n = 2) 3 months postpartum, while one used other nicotine products. Among the 1717 breastfeeding women, 95.1% reported no nicotine use, while 2.4% used snus, 2.5% smoked and one dual user. Compared to 3.7% nicotine use in exclusively breastfeeding women (n = 1242), the risk of nicotine use increased by partly (OR 2.26, 95% CI 1.45-3.52) and no breastfeeding (OR 4.58, 95% CI 2.57-8.21). Nicotine use before (14.5% snus, 16.4% smoking) or in pregnancy (0.2% snus, 0.4% smoking) significantly increased the risk of using nicotine during breastfeeding. CONCLUSION: Few breastfeeding women used snus or smoked 3 months postpartum, with increased risk by nicotine use before or during pregnancy.