Strain-driven surface reconstruction and cation segregation in layered Li(Ni<sub>1−x−y</sub>Mn<sub>x</sub>Co<sub>y</sub>)O<sub>2</sub> (NMC) cathode materials
Juan C. Garcia, Javier Bareño, Guoying Chen, Jason R. Croy, Hakim Iddir
Abstract
(NMC) cathodes. Specifically, Co tends to segregate to the (104) surface of the primary particles within the transition metal layer, while Ni ions tend to segregate to the (012) surface in the Li layer, forming a SR. Experimental evidence shows the SR to be epitaxial with the bulk of the as-synthesized material, and the new SR phase is pinned to the NMC unit cell leading to a strained SR. Here, we show that strain can stabilize a spinel structure of the SR layers. Understanding the effects of surface strain opens a new avenue for the design of cathode materials with enhanced surface properties.
Topics & Concepts
CathodeMaterials scienceSpinelElectrolyteIonPhase (matter)Surface layerTransition metalFacet (psychology)Chemical physicsCrystallographyLayer (electronics)NanotechnologyChemistryPhysical chemistryElectrodeMetallurgyOrganic chemistrySocial psychologyBig Five personality traitsBiochemistryPsychologyCatalysisPersonalityAdvancements in Battery MaterialsAdvanced Battery Materials and TechnologiesGraphene research and applications