Enhancing shipboard waste heat management with advanced technologies
Giovanni Barone, Annamaria Buonomano, Gianluca Del Papa, Robert Maka, Adolfo Palombo
Abstract
The complexity of the energy systems onboard ships, combined with the different operating/weather conditions and the availability of cutting-edge technologies, makes analyses for improving the energy and environmental performances of ships time consuming and challenging. From this point of view, this article provides new criteria for the sustainable design and management of energy systems of existing or new ships. In particular, the impact of the adoption of organic Rankine cycle units, wet steam volumetric expanders, and single or double effect absorption chillers is here investigated. Two types of ships are examined as suitable case studies, evaluating the impact of each technology and their combinations by varying the shipping cruises. By using a dynamic simulation approach, potential savings and optimal solutions are assessed for different energy system layouts by also comparing their economic, energy and environmental impact performance. Results are reported in specific performance matrices for helping stakeholders in preliminary energy efficiency analyses. In particular, outcomes show that high cooling demands of ships in the Caribbean Sea enable primary energy savings close to 4.5 %, compared to 3.5 % in the Mediterranean Sea and 3 % in the North Sea. In the latter case, cooling needs can be almost fully balanced through the examined energy recovery technologies. Screw expanders integrate best in all operating conditions with short paybacks, whilst organic Rankine cycles (with electrical efficiency above 8%) are advantageous especially in cold climate routes. Benefits on environmental impact are significant, with avoided CO 2 emissions around 6 kt/y, depending on the selected ship cruise. • A holistic approach is proposed to evaluate envelope, weather and energy system. • Large and small cruise ship and three different climates are analysed. • ORC benefits depend on climate and ship size, being more effective in colder seas. • Using a low-temperature circuit boosts energy savings by several percentage points. • Analysis offers PES forecasts for several setup, guiding optimal technology choices.