Molecular Imprinted Polymer Modified Electrochemical Sensors for Small Drug Analysis: Progress to Practical Application
Momina Feroz, Pankaj Vadgama
Abstract
Abstract Molecular imprinted polymers (MIPs) are tailor made from synthetic polymers and designed to mimic the recognition properties of natural biological affinity molecules. MIPs incorporate binding motifs complementary to target organic molecule shape and functional groups in order to mimic the complex binding surfaces of natural macromolecules. This confers selectivity and specificity, with the added advantage of artificial MIP polymer stability and ready adaptability to the fabrication and creation of miniaturised affinity interfaces for electrochemical sensing and extra‐laboratory testing. Their generic capability as robust sorbent phases for drug extraction and concentration allows for targeted, interfacial interrogation by the active electrochemical surface. A wide range of electrochemical sensing strategies has also been advanced in recent years, which is covered by this review. The review covers MIP functional principles, examples of MIP preparative routes and final assay outcomes for the measurement of small molecule drugs of biomedical, and also of potential environmental relevance. Some small molecules as examples of toxin and contaminant measurement are also given. A historic background to MIP development is provided, but the review mainly focuses on electrochemical sensor advances in the last five years.