Angiogenesis Biomarkers in Ischemic Stroke Patients
Aziza Alrafiah, Ebtisam A. Al-ofi, Yasser Almohaya, Abdullah Hamami, Talal Qadah, Safa Almaghrabi, Nora Hakami, Moafaq S. Alrawaili, Haythum O. Tayeb
Abstract
Introduction: Stroke is a global health issue, and ischemic stroke is among the most common strokes affecting many people worldwide. Throughout ischemic stroke, various immune cells counter its effect by releasing cytokines, chemokines, and angiogenic molecules. These molecules can work as potential biomarkers in the diagnosis and monitoring of the progress of ischemic stroke. The current study investigated the use of angiogenic molecules as biomarkers in ischemic stroke patients. Methods: The samples were obtained from twenty healthy subjects and nineteen patients with ischemic stroke. Multiplex assay was used to measure the serum levels of angiogenic biomarkers, including endoglin, VEGF-A, endothelin-1, G-CSF, and angiopoietin-2. All data were analyzed using an unpaired Student’s t -test. Correlations between measured parameters were made using Pearson correlations. Results: Angiopoietin-2, VEGF-A, endothelin-1, and endoglin levels in stroke patients were significantly higher compared to healthy controls. Nevertheless, G-CSF level showed a non-significant increase in patients compared to controls. The correlation coefficient of measured angiogenic biomarkers among patients showed significant correlations between endoglin, angiopoietin, VEGF-A, and endothelin-1. Discussion: The angiogenic factors were significantly increased in patients with ischemic stroke, which may help in the early detection of ischemic stroke and consequently prompt treatment and better prognosis. Keywords: stroke, angiopoietin biomarkers, angiopoietin, endoglin, endothelin-1, VEGF-A