Nanomedicine-based strategies to improve treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis
Nowsheen Goonoo, Marie Andrea Laetitia Huët, Itisha Chummun Phul, Nancy W. Karuri, Kingsley Badu, Fanny Gimié, Jonas Bergrath, Margit Schulze, Mareike Müller, Archana Bhaw‐Luximon
Abstract
Nanomedicine strategies were first adapted and successfully translated to clinical application for diseases, such as cancer and diabetes. These strategies would no doubt benefit unmet diseases needs as in the case of leishmaniasis. The latter causes skin sores in the cutaneous form and affects internal organs in the visceral form. Treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) aims at accelerating wound healing, reducing scarring and cosmetic morbidity, preventing parasite transmission and relapse. Unfortunately, available treatments show only suboptimal effectiveness and none of them were designed specifically for this disease condition. Tissue regeneration using nano-based devices coupled with drug delivery are currently being used in clinic to address diabetic wounds. Thus, in this review, we analyse the current treatment options and attempt to critically analyse the use of nanomedicine-based strategies to address CL wounds in view of achieving scarless wound healing, targeting secondary bacterial infection and lowering drug toxicity.