Sex-biased adaptive immune regulation in cancer development and therapy
Johanna M. Schafer, Tong Xiao, Hyunwoo Kwon, Katharine A. Collier, Yuzhou Chang, Hany Abdel-Hafiz, Chelsea Bolyard, Dongjun Chung, Yuanquan Yang, Debasish Sundi, Qin Ma, Dan Theodorescu, Xue Li, Zihai Li
Abstract
T cell dysfunction or exhaustion in the tumor microenvironment and summarize ongoing clinical efforts to determine the impact of androgen blockade on cancer immunotherapy. Finally, we outline a framework for future research in cancer biology and immuno-oncology, underscoring the importance of a holistic research approach to understanding the mechanisms of sex dimorphisms in cancer, so sex will be considered as an imperative factor for guiding treatment decisions in the future.
Topics & Concepts
Immune systemBiologyAcquired immune systemImmunityCancerDiseaseAndrogen receptorPhysiologyCancer immunologyImmunologyBioinformaticsProstate cancerInternal medicineImmunotherapyMedicineGeneticsSex and Gender in HealthcareGenetic and Clinical Aspects of Sex Determination and Chromosomal AbnormalitiesT-cell and B-cell Immunology