Treating wastewater contaminated with congo red (CR) dye using an optimized polyethersulfone/propolis (bee glue) PES/PRS ultrafiltration membrane
Yusur Yahia, Khalid T. Rashid, Mohammed Ahmed Shehab, Adnan A. AbdulRazak, Maryam Y. Ghadhban, Munaf Al-lami, Mohammad A. Al-Mayyahi, Mohammed Ali Salih, Haidar Hasan Mohammed, Alhafadhi Mahmood
Abstract
, at a PRS content of 64.43 mg, operating pressure of 5 bar and CR dye feed concentration of 210.08 ppm. Overall, this research not only shows that innovative PES/PRS UF membranes have the potential to treat wastewater containing dyes very well, but it also offers a useful comprehension of the dye-rejection process, which may direct the logical design of UF membranes. This work showed that the PES/PRS membrane would be a viable option for wastewater industrial applications in terms of its CR dye removal effectiveness under ideal operating circumstances.