A comprehensive review on DC microgrid control and energy management strategies
S D Sandeep, Satyajit Mohanty, Satyajit Mohanty, Shashi Bhushan Mohanty, Shashi Bhushan Mohanty, Pratap Sekhar Puhan
Abstract
DC microgrids have become essential for future power systems, especially because of their compatibility with renewable energy sources (RES) and the increasing demand for decentralized energy generation. This study offers a thorough examination of control and energy management systems for DC microgrids, emphasizing the benefits, obstacles, and recent advancements in this domain. An in-depth examination of diverse control structures, including centralized, decentralized, distributed, and hierarchical, is presented, emphasizing their efficacy in voltage regulation, power distribution, and system stability. This study examines conventional and AI-driven energy management systems, highlighting their significance in improving resource use and addressing uncertainties in renewable energy source integration. Case studies illustrate the actual application of these methods across several sectors, connecting theory with real-world execution. A significant case study examines the viability of renewable energy microgrids combined with Vehicle-to-Grid (V2G) technology for rural electrification in India. The research underscores the efficacy of a hybrid solar PV-V2G (75%) and biomass energy (25%) system in meeting peak load demand and improving socioeconomic conditions. This method markedly diminishes reliance on traditional energy sources and enhances energy accessibility in remote areas. Furthermore, this review discusses emerging trends, government policies, and future applications, positioning DC microgrids as a key component in the transition toward a sustainable, resilient, and intelligent energy landscape.