Oceanic giants dance to atmospheric rhythms: Ephemeral wind‐driven resource tracking by blue whales
John P. Ryan, Kelly J. Benoit‐Bird, William K. Oestreich, Paul Leary, Kevin B. Smith, Chad M. Waluk, David E. Cade, James A. Fahlbusch, Brandon L. Southall, John E. Joseph, Tetyana Margolina, John Calambokidis, Andrew DeVogelaere, Jeremy A. Goldbogen
Abstract
Trophic transfer of energy through marine food webs is strongly influenced by prey aggregation and its exploitation by predators. Rapid aggregation of some marine fish and crustacean forage species during wind-driven coastal upwelling has recently been discovered, motivating the hypothesis that predators of these forage species track the upwelling circulation in which prey aggregation occurs. We examine this hypothesis in the central California Current Ecosystem using integrative observations of upwelling dynamics, forage species' aggregation, and blue whale movement. Directional origins of blue whale calls repeatedly tracked upwelling plume circulation when wind-driven upwelling intensified and aggregation of forage species was heightened. Our findings illustrate a resource tracking strategy by which blue whales may maximize energy gain amid ephemeral foraging opportunities. These findings have implications for the ecology and conservation of diverse predators that are sustained by forage populations whose behaviour is responsive to episodic environmental dynamics.