Economic impact of autonomous vehicles in Spain
Efrén Alejandro Alonso Castro, Cristina Arpón, María González, Ramón Ángel Fernández Díaz, Mariano Nieto Antolín
Abstract
Abstract Background Pollution, traffic accidents, and congestion are huge problems in most urban areas. Autonomous and electric vehicles are leading our society to a new mobility model, also known as the New Era of Transportation (NERTRA). Mobility is a strategic issue for any country, and this change of model will mean, in addition to a great technological revolution, an economic revolution. Methodology The purpose of this work is to carry out a study of the main economic sectors affected in Spain and evaluate the economic impact that autonomous vehicles will have on each one. Data from this sector have been collected, analyzing the economic and technological factors that will affect to a greater or lesser extent and made evolution forecasts. Results The study presents three different scenarios depending on how the transition progresses. The results are presented by each sector in each of these scenarios. These results have great value for the industry itself and the professionals affected, as well as for the authorities of the country to take the appropriate measures from the beginning of the transition. The sectors directly affected by this change represent more than 38% of the gross domestic product of Spain. Key factors, such as technological innovation in vehicles, and the emergence of new business and mobility models determine drastic changes in some important sectors. It is important to make quick decisions both from administrations and from the industry itself to adapt to new mobility.