Determination of the Volatile Compounds in Five Varieties of <i>Piper betle</i> L. from Bangladesh Using Simultaneous Distillation Extraction and Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry (SDE-GC/MS)
Md Atikul Islam, Keun Young Ryu, Naeem Khan, Ok Yeon Song, Ji Young Jeong, Ji Hyeon Son, Nargis Jamila, Kyong Su Kim
Abstract
Five varieties of Piper betle L. var. leaves including Bangla, Sanchi, Misti, Khasia, and BARI Paan 3 from Bangladesh were subjected to the analysis of their volatile compounds. Simultaneous distillation extraction (SDE) with 1:1 (v/v) n-pentane:diethylether was used for the isolation of the volatile compounds while the analysis was done by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS). From the results, the Misti betel leaf variety showed the highest concentration of volatile compounds (13959 mg/kg) followed by BARI Paan 3 (11684 mg/kg), Khasia (11110 mg/kg), Sanchi (6959 mg/kg) and Bangla (4347 mg/kg). A total of 101 compounds were identified in which 42 were present in all of the varieties but at varying concentrations. The present study reports 50 volatile compounds in betel leaves for the first time in the literature. Eugenol was found in all of the varieties at the highest concentration value followed by β-caryphyllene, γ-muurolene, valencene, eucalyptol, chavicol and caryphellene oxide. Based on the volatile compounds, the five varieties of betel leaf were differentiated into three clusters by the use of principal component analysis (PCA). Hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) also divided the leaf varieties into three clusters composed of Misti and BARI Paan 3, Bangla and Sanchi, and Khasia.