Anomalous Thermopower and High <i>ZT</i> in GeMnTe <sub>2</sub> Driven by Spin’s Thermodynamic Entropy
Sichen Duan, Yinong Yin, Guoqiang Liu, Na Man, Jianfeng Cai, Xiaojian Tan, Kai Guo, Xinxin Yang, Jun Jiang
Abstract
Na <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" overflow="scroll"> <mml:msub> <mml:mrow/> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>x</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> </mml:msub> </mml:math> CoO 2 was known 20 years ago as a unique example in which spin entropy dominates the thermoelectric behavior. Hitherto, however, little has been learned about how to manipulate the spin degree of freedom in thermoelectrics. Here, we report the enhanced thermoelectric performance of GeMnTe 2 by controlling the spin’s thermodynamic entropy. The anomalously large thermopower of GeMnTe 2 is demonstrated to originate from the disordering of spin orientation under finite temperature. Based on the careful analysis of Heisenberg model, it is indicated that the spin-system entropy can be tuned by modifying the hybridization between Te- <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" overflow="scroll"> <mml:mi>p</mml:mi> </mml:math> and Mn- <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" overflow="scroll"> <mml:mi>d</mml:mi> </mml:math> orbitals. As a consequent strategy, Se doping enlarges the thermopower effectively, while neither carrier concentration nor band gap is affected. The measurement of magnetic susceptibility provides a solid evidence for the inherent relationship between the spin’s thermodynamic entropy and thermopower. By further introducing Bi doing, the maximum ZT in Ge 0.94 Bi 0.06 MnTe 1.94 Se 0.06 reaches 1.4 at 840 K, which is 45% higher than the previous report of Bi-doped GeMnTe 2 . This work reveals the high thermoelectric performance of GeMnTe 2 and also provides an insightful understanding of the spin degree of freedom in thermoelectrics.