Copper(II)-β-cyclodextrin immobilized on graphitic carbon nitride nanosheets as a highly effective catalyst for tandem oxidative amidation of benzylic alcohols
Hossein Ghafuri, Afsaneh Rashidizadeh, Mostafa Ghafori Gorab, Ghazaleh Jafari
Abstract
Abstract In this study, an efficient catalyst based on graphitic carbon nitride nanosheets (CN) and copper(II) supported β-cyclodextrin (β-CD/Cu(II)) was synthesized and used for tandem oxidative amidation of benzylic alcohols. In this regard, CN was functionalized by β-CD/Cu(II) via 1,3-dibromopropane linker (CN-Pr-β-CD/Cu(II)). The prepared catalyst was characterized using FT-IR, XRD, FE-SEM, EDS, TGA, ICP-OES, BET, and TEM analyses. CN-Pr-β-CD/Cu(II) was subsequently applied in a direct oxidative amidation reaction and it was observed that different benzyl alcohols were converted to desire amides with good to excellent efficiency. This reaction was performed in the presence of amine hydrochloride salts, tert-butyl hydroperoxide (TBHP), and Ca 2 CO 3 in acetonitrile (CH 3 CN) under nitrogen atmosphere. CN-Pr-β-CD/Cu(II) can be recycled and reused five times without significant reduction in reaction efficiency.