Methylene Blue: An FDA-Approved NIR-II Fluorogenic Probe with Extremely Low pH Responsibility for Hyperchlorhydria Imaging
Guanjun Deng, Siwei Zhang, Xinghua Peng, Gongcheng Ma, Luxuan Liu, Yuyu Tan, Ping Gong, Ben Zhong Tang, Lintao Cai, Pengfei Zhang
Abstract
Methylene blue (MB) is an FDA (Food and Drug Administration)-approved contrast agent with donor-acceptor (D-A) structure integrated with carbonyl-containing nitrogen-heterocycles. MB can be converted into MBH (protonated MB) by protonation, which not only induces the fluorescence emission red-shifted from the first near-infrared window (NIR-I, 650-950 nm) to the second near-infrared window (NIR-II, 1000-1700 nm) but also achieves ACQ-to-AIE conversion. MB has been successfully demonstrated in hyperacidemia imaging with an extremely low pH value (<1).
Topics & Concepts
Methylene blueProtonationFluorescenceNear-infrared spectroscopyFood and drug administrationChemistryPhotochemistryMethyleneNuclear chemistryMedicinal chemistryOrganic chemistryOpticsMedicinePhotocatalysisEnvironmental healthIonCatalysisPhysicsNanoplatforms for cancer theranosticsLuminescence and Fluorescent MaterialsSulfur Compounds in Biology