Survival in Immunocompromised Patients Ultimately Requiring Invasive Mechanical Ventilation: A Pooled Individual Patient Data Analysis
Guillaume Dumas, Virginie Lemiale, Nisha Rathi, Andrea Cortegiani, Frédéric Pène, Vincent Bonny, Jorge I. Salluh, Guillermo M. Albaiceta, Márcio Soares, Ayman O. Soubani, Emmanuel Canet, Tarik Hanane, Achille Kouatchet, Djamel Mokart, Pia Lebiedz, Melda Türkoğlu, Rémi Coudroy, Kyeongman Jeon, Alexandre Demoule, Sangeeta Mehta, Pedro Caruso, Jean-Pierre Frat, Kuang‐Yao Yang, Oriol Roca, John G. Laffey, Jean‐François Timsit, Élie Azoulay, Michaël Darmon
Abstract
Abstract Rationale Acute respiratory failure (ARF) is associated with high mortality in immunocompromised patients, particularly when invasive mechanical ventilation is needed. Therefore, noninvasive oxygenation/ventilation strategies have been developed to avoid intubation, with uncertain impact on mortality, especially when intubation is delayed. Objectives We sought to report trends of survival over time in immunocompromised patients receiving invasive mechanical ventilation. The impact of delayed intubation after failure of noninvasive strategies was also assessed. Methods Systematic review and meta-analysis using individual patient data of studies that focused on immunocompromised adult patients with ARF requiring invasive mechanical ventilation. Studies published in English were identified through PubMed, Web of Science, and Cochrane Central (2008–2018). Individual patient data were requested from corresponding authors for all identified studies. We used mixed-effect models to estimate the effect of delayed intubation on hospital mortality and described mortality rates over time. Measurements and Main Results A total of 11,087 patients were included (24 studies, three controlled trials, and 21 cohorts), of whom 7,736 (74%) were intubated within 24 hours of ICU admission (early intubation). The crude mortality rate was 53.2%. Adjusted survivals improved over time (from 1995 to 2017, odds ratio [OR] for hospital mortality per year, 0.96 [0.95–0.97]). For each elapsed day between ICU admission and intubation, mortality was higher (OR, 1.38 [1.26–1.52]; P < 0.001). Early intubation was significantly associated with lower mortality (OR, 0.83 [0.72–0.96]), regardless of initial oxygenation strategy. These results persisted after propensity score analysis (matched OR associated with delayed intubation, 1.56 [1.44–1.70]). Conclusions In immunocompromised intubated patients, survival has improved over time. Time between ICU admission and intubation is a strong predictor of mortality, suggesting a detrimental effect of late initial oxygenation failure.