The tri-molecular interaction controlling plant cell structure
Preet Manchanda, Anja Geitmann
Abstract
The plant cell wall is a dynamic envelope crucial for cell structure. Recent insights highlight the pivotal roles of RAPID ALKALINIZATION FACTOR (RALF) peptides, LEUCINE-RICH REPEAT EXTENSINS (LRX), and the FERONIA (FER) receptor kinase in maintaining cell wall integrity. This tri-molecular complex, along with other membrane receptors, modulates cell wall mechanics through interactions with de-methylesterified homogalacturonan (HG) in a feedback-controlled manner along with other intra-cellular responses. Through the characterization of this complex, critical questions have emerged regarding the mechanistic details of RALF-induced HG modulation, the mechanosensing role of FER, and the structural roles of extensins in modulating cell wall dynamics. This review underscores the intricate feedback mechanisms involved in the maintenance of cell wall integrity and cellular growth dynamics, offering strategies to enhance crop productivity.