Roadmap Toward the Production, Storage, Transportation, and Applications of Green Hydrogen
Xusheng Wang, Xue Yang, Xuan Wang, Yingyan Zhao, Xi Lin, Zhigang Hu, Guangqin Li, Ruichang Xue, Xinwei Guan, Baowen Zhou, Tianyi Ma, Jianxin Zou
Abstract
ABSTRACT Hydrogen, as a clean and versatile energy carrier, plays a vital role in the global transition toward carbon neutrality. Achieving a sustainable hydrogen economy requires safe, efficient, and cost‐effective technologies across production, storage, transportation, and utilization. On the production side, electrolysis and solar‐driven photocatalysis are rapidly advancing toward industrial adoption, yet remain constrained by electrolysis efficiency, cost, and electrolyzer durability. For storage and transportation, lowering costs and energy consumption, improving system efficiency, and deploying safe, high‐capacity hydrogen storage and transportation solutions are key priorities. Regarding hydrogen utilization, particularly hydrogen fuel cells and hydrogen‐based power systems, require further enhancement in their durability, reliability, and integration flexibility to enable widespread deployment across sectors. Therefore, this review provides a comprehensive overview of green hydrogen technologies, emphasizing recent advances, key challenges, and industrial demonstrations. By integrating insights from electrochemical and photochemical production, solid‐state and liquid‐phase storage, and hydrogen end‐use pathways, we propose a roadmap toward the scalable deployment of green hydrogen infrastructure. Coordinated progress across these domains will position hydrogen as a cornerstone of a sustainable, secure, and decarbonized global energy solution.