Autonomous platform for solution processing of electronic polymers
Chengshi Wang, Yeonju Kim, Aikaterini Vriza, Rohit Batra, Arun Baskaran, Naisong Shan, Nan Li, Pierre Darancet, Logan Ward, Yuzi Liu, Maria K. Y. Chan, Subramanian K. R. S. Sankaranarayanan, H. Christopher Fry, C. S. Miller, Henry Chan, Jie Xu
Abstract
The manipulation of electronic polymers' solid-state properties through processing is crucial in electronics and energy research. Yet, efficiently processing electronic polymer solutions into thin films with specific properties remains a formidable challenge. We introduce Polybot, an artificial intelligence (AI) driven automated material laboratory designed to autonomously explore processing pathways for achieving high-conductivity, low-defect electronic polymers films. Leveraging importance-guided Bayesian optimization, Polybot efficiently navigates a complex 7-dimensional processing space. In particular, the automated workflow and algorithms effectively explore the search space, mitigate biases, employ statistical methods to ensure data repeatability, and concurrently optimize multiple objectives with precision. The experimental campaign yields scale-up fabrication recipes, producing transparent conductive thin films with averaged conductivity exceeding 4500 S/cm. Feature importance analysis and morphological characterizations reveal key design factors. This work signifies a significant step towards transforming the manufacturing of electronic polymers, highlighting the potential of AI-driven automation in material science.