VS38c and CD38-Multiepitope Antibodies Provide Highly Comparable Minimal Residual Disease Data in Patients With Multiple Myeloma
Annemiek Broijl, Augustinus C M de Jong, Mark van Duin, Pieter Sonneveld, Jesper Kühnau, Vincent H. J. van der Velden
Abstract
OBJECTIVES: To compare flow cytometric minimal residual disease (MRD) data obtained using the EuroFlow approach, including the CD38-multiepitope (ME) antibody or the VS38c antibody. METHODS: We evaluated 29 bone marrow samples from patients with multiple myeloma (MM), of whom 15 had received daratumumab within the past 6 months. We evaluated MRD data and fluorescence intensities. RESULTS: Qualitative MRD data were 100% concordant between the 2 approaches. In MRD-positive samples (n = 14), MRD levels showed an excellent correlation (R2 = 0.999). Whereas VS38c staining was strong in both normal plasma cells and MM cells, independent of daratumumab treatment, staining intensities for CD38 were lower in MM cells compared with normal plasma cells, and on both cell types CD38 expression was significantly reduced in daratumumab-treated patients. CONCLUSIONS: Both CD38-ME and VS38c allow reliable MRD detection in MM patients, but the high expression of VS38c allows easier identification of MM cells, especially in daratumumab-treated patients.