Fabrication and characterization of multi-biomarker optimized tissue-mimicking phantoms for multi-modal optical spectroscopy
Rekha Gautam, Danielle Mac Mahon, Gráinne Eager, Hui Ma, Claudia Nunzia Guadagno, Stefan Andersson‐Engels, Sanathana Konugolu Venkata Sekar
Abstract
matrices, one can deduce the recipe for any target absorption or reduced scattering coefficient. The applicability of the phantoms was tested using diffuse reflectance and Raman spectrometers. A use case application was demonstrated for Raman spectroscopy where hydration and hydroxyapatite phantoms were designed to characterize the Raman instrument. The Raman instrument could detect the change in 1% of HA and 5% of hydration. This study presents a first-of-its-kind robust, well-characterized, multi-biomarker phantom recipe for calibration and benchmarking of multimodal spectroscopy devices assisting in their clinical translation.