Iron, Zinc, Copper, Cadmium, Mercury, and Bone Tissue
Żaneta Ciosek, Karolina Kot, Iwona Rotter
Abstract
The paper presents the current understanding on the effects of five metals on bone tissue, namely iron, zinc, copper, cadmium, and mercury. Iron, zinc, and copper contribute significantly to human and animal metabolism when present in sufficient amounts, but their excess or shortage increases the risk of developing bone disorders. In contrast, cadmium and mercury serve no physiological purpose and their long-term accumulation damages the osteoarticular system. We discuss the methods of action and interactions between the discussed elements as well as the concentrations of each element in distinct bone structures.
Topics & Concepts
Mercury (programming language)CadmiumZincCopperEconomic shortageChemistryEnvironmental chemistryPhilosophyOrganic chemistryGovernment (linguistics)Programming languageLinguisticsComputer scienceTrace Elements in HealthHeavy Metal Exposure and ToxicityBone health and osteoporosis research