High Concentrations of Perfluoroalkyl Acids in Arctic Seawater Driven by Early Thawing Sea Ice
Jack Garnett, Crispin Halsall, Anna Vader, Hanna Joerss, Ralf Ebinghaus, Amber Leeson, P. Wynn
Abstract
), which were ≈3-fold higher than those of deeper water (5 m depth) and ≈2-fold higher than those recently measured in surface waters of the North Sea infuenced by industrial inputs of PFAAs. The evidence provided here suggests that meltwater arising early in the melt season from snow and other surface ice floe components drives the higher PFAA concentrations observed in under-ice seawater, which could in turn influence the timing and extent of PFAA exposure for organisms at the base of the marine food web.
Topics & Concepts
Sea iceMeltwaterSeawaterSnowArctic ice packOceanographyArcticAntarctic sea iceEnvironmental scienceMelt pondCryosphereGeologyGeomorphologyPer- and polyfluoroalkyl substances researchAtmospheric chemistry and aerosolsToxic Organic Pollutants Impact