The acute and long-term effects of a cardiac rehabilitation program on endothelial progenitor cells in chronic heart failure patients: Comparing two different exercise training protocols
Christos Kourek, Manal Alshamari, Georgios Mitsiou, Katherina Psarra, Dimitrios Delis, Vasiliki Linardatou, Theodoros Pittaras, Argyrios Ntalianis, Costas Papadopoulos, Niki Panagopoulou, Ioannis Vasileiadis, Serafim Nanas, Eleftherios Karatzanos
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Vascular endothelial dysfunction is an underlying pathophysiological feature of chronic heart failure (CHF). Endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) are also impaired. The purpose of the study was to assess the effect of a cardiac rehabilitation (CR) program on the increase of EPCs at rest and on the acute response after maximal exercise in patients with CHF and investigate whether there were differences between two exercise training protocols and patients of NYHA II and III classes. METHODS: enucleated cells, were quantified by flow cytometry. RESULTS: An increase in all endothelial cellular populations at rest was observed after the CR program (p < 0.01). The acute response after maximum exercise increased in 4 out of 5 endothelial cellular populations after rehabilitation. Although there was increase in EPCs at rest and the acute response after rehabilitation in each exercise training group and each NYHA class, there were no differences between HIIT and COM groups or NYHA II and NYHA III classes (p > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: A 36-session CR program increases the acute response after maximum CPET and stimulates the long-term mobilization of EPCs at rest in patients with CHF. These benefits seem to be similar between HIIT and COM exercise training protocols and between patients of different functional classes.