PSO AND IFS TECHNIQUES FOR THE DESIGN OF WEARABLE HYBRID FRACTAL ANTENNA
Sandeep Singh Sran, Jagtar Singh Sivia
Abstract
This paper presents the design of Meander and Koch Curves based Wearable Hybrid Fractal Antenna (MKWHFA) using Particle Swarm Optimisation (PSO) and Iterative Function System (IFS). The proposed antenna design combines two fractal geometries i.e. Meander and Koch curve to enhance its performance characteristics. It uses the Jean material as a substrate having a dielectric constant of 1.7 and height 1 mm. The patch and the ground plane made using the copper tape. ANSYS/Ansoft HFSS V13 software is used for simulating and designing for the proposed MKWHFA. Parametric analysis on this antenna’s ground plane is done to achieve the desired resonant frequency, gain, and bandwidth. A mathematical model is derived using the IFS to generate the fractal geometry in MATLAB software. The feed position of MKWHFA optimised using PSO technique. The MKWHFA with Meander-Koch slot resonates at 2.4508 GHz, 5.4005 GHz, 6.6503 GHz, and 8.0002 GHz with corresponding gains 5.61 dB, 8.55 dB, 5.07 dB and 3.24 dB, bandwidths 291 MHz, 94 MHz, 222 MHz and 310 MHz respectively. The proposed MKWHFA fabricated and tested in the laboratory. There is a good agreement between the simulated and experimentally measured results.