Thermophysical properties of fly ash–Cu hybrid nanofluid for heat transfer applications
Praveen Kumar Kanti, K.V. Sharma, M. Revanasiddappa, C. G. Ramachandra, Suleiman Akilu
Abstract
Abstract The effect of temperature and concentration on the thermophysical properties of fly ash–copper (80% fly ash and 20% Cu by volume) water‐based stable hybrid nanofluid is studied. The experiments are conducted for the volume concentration range of 0 to 0.5% in the temperature range of 30 to 60°C. The nanoparticles have been characterized by transmission electron microscopy and dynamic light scattering to determine an average nanoparticle diameter of 15 nm. The stability of nanofluid in the presence of surfactant Triton X‐100 is examined with the help of zeta potential. The maximum enhancement in thermal conductivity and viscosity is 19% and 22%, respectively. The outcome of the present study showed that density, thermal conductivity, and viscosity of the hybrid nanofluid increased, whereas specific heat decreased with an increase in the nanofluid concentration. In addition, the specific heat and thermal conductivity increase, there is a decrease in density and viscosity of the hybrid nanofluid with an increase in temperature.