e-Fuel production process technologies and trends: A bibliometric-based review
Franklin Roberto, José B. Ribeiro, L. Durães
Abstract
This study presents a bibliometric-based review of the current state of e-fuel production technologies, offering a unique perspective on their development and potential impact on sustainable energy systems. By synthesizing insights from over 570 publications, this review explores key technological advancements in carbon dioxide (CO₂) hydrogenation processes, including methanation, Fischer-Tropsch synthesis, and methanol production . The novelty of employing a bibliometric approach lies in its ability to identify emerging trends, research gaps, and influential contributions, providing actionable insights for researchers, industry stakeholders, and policymakers. The findings reveal significant progress in catalyst innovation, process integration, and the flexibility of production systems, critical for optimizing the use of renewable energy sources such as wind and solar power. Despite these advancements, challenges persist in enhancing the economic viability and environmental sustainability of e-fuel production, particularly concerning hydrogen production costs, CO₂ capture efficiency, and heat integration. Practical implications of this study highlight the potential for e-fuels to decarbonize hard-to-electrify sectors, including aviation, maritime transport, and long-haul road freight. Additionally, the research underscores the need for targeted efforts in addressing logistical and economic barriers, improving life-cycle emissions, and fostering the scalability of decentralized production systems. By bridging gaps in existing literature and providing a thematic synthesis, this review contributes to the broader understanding of e-fuel technologies, offering clear directions for future research and policy development aimed at achieving global decarbonization goals.