Alleviation of Porphyromonas gingivalis or Its Extracellular Vesicles Provoked Periodontitis and Cognitive Impairment by Lactobacillus pentosus NK357 and Bifidobacterium bifidum NK391
Xiaoyang Ma, Jong-Wook Yoo, Yoon-Jung Shin, Hee-Seo Park, Young-Hoo Son, Dong‐Hyun Kim
Abstract
Porphyromonas gingivalis (PG) is closely involved in the outbreak of periodontitis and cognitive impairment (CI). Herein, we examined the effects of anti-inflammatory Lactobacillus pentosus NK357 and Bifidobacterium bifidum NK391 on PG- or its extracellular vesicles (pEVs)-induced periodontitis and CI in mice. Oral administration of NK357 or NK391 significantly decreased PG-induced tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, receptor activator of nuclear factors κB (RANK), and RANK ligand (RANKL) expression, gingipain (GP)+lipopolysaccharide (LPS)+ and NF-κB+CD11c+ populations, and PG 16S rDNA level in the periodontal tissue. Their treatments also suppressed PG-induced CI -like behaviors, TNF-α expression and NF-κB-positive immune cells in the hippocampus and colon, while PG-suppressed hippocampal BDNF and N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) expression increased. The combination of NK357 and NK391 additively alleviated PG- or pEVs-induced periodontitis, neuroinflammation, CI-like behaviors, colitis, and gut microbiota dysbiosis and increased PG- or pEVs-suppressed BDNF and NMDAR expression in the hippocampus. In conclusion, NK357 and NK391 may alleviate periodontitis and dementia by regulating NF-κB, RANKL/RANK, and BDNF-NMDAR signaling and gut microbiota.