Overcoming Drug Resistance in Advanced Prostate Cancer by Drug Repurposing
Hisham F. Bahmad, Timothy Demus, Maya M. Moubarak, Darine Daher, Juan Carlos Alvarez Moreno, Francesca Polit, Olga López, Ali Merhe, Wassim Abou‐Kheir, Alan M. Nieder, Robert Poppiti, Yumna Omarzai
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is the second most common cancer in men. Common treatments include active surveillance, surgery, or radiation. Androgen deprivation therapy and chemotherapy are usually reserved for advanced disease or biochemical recurrence, such as castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC), but they are not considered curative because PCa cells eventually develop drug resistance. The latter is achieved through various cellular mechanisms that ultimately circumvent the pharmaceutical's mode of action. The need for novel therapeutic approaches is necessary under these circumstances. An alternative way to treat PCa is by repurposing of existing drugs that were initially intended for other conditions. By extrapolating the effects of previously approved drugs to the intracellular processes of PCa, treatment options will expand. In addition, drug repurposing is cost-effective and efficient because it utilizes drugs that have already demonstrated safety and efficacy. This review catalogues the drugs that can be repurposed for PCa in preclinical studies as well as clinical trials.