Validation of an Index for Functionally Important Respiratory Symptoms among Adults in the Nationally Representative Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health Study, 2014–2016
Michael J. Halenar, James D. Sargent, Kathryn C. Edwards, Steven Woloshin, Lisa Schwartz, Jennifer A. Emond, Susanne E. Tanski, John P. Pierce, Kristie Taylor, Kristin Lauten, Maciej Ł. Goniewicz, Raymond Niaura, Gabriella M. Anic, Yanling Chen, Priscilla Callahan-Lyon, Lisa D Gardner, Theresa Thekkudan, Nicolette Borek, Heather L. Kimmel, K. Michael Cummings, Andrew Hyland, Mary F. Brunette
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to validate the seven-item wheezing module from the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Children (ISAAC) in the nationally representative Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health Study. Adult participants with complete Wave 2–3 data were selected, including those with asthma but excluding those with COPD and other respiratory diseases (n = 16,295). We created a nine-point respiratory symptom index from the ISAAC questions, assessed the reliability of the index, and examined associations with self-reported asthma diagnosis. Threshold values were assessed for association with functional outcomes. The weighted prevalence for one or more respiratory symptom was 18.0% (SE = 0.5) for adults without asthma, 70.1% (SE = 1.3) for those with lifetime asthma, 75.7% (SE = 3.7) for adults with past-year asthma not on medications, and 92.6% (SE = 1.6) for those on medications. Cronbach’s alpha for the respiratory symptom index was 0.86. Index scores of ≥2 or ≥3 yielded functionally important respiratory symptom prevalence of 7–10%, adequate sensitivity and specificity for identifying asthma, and consistent independent associations with all functional outcomes and tobacco use variables. Respiratory symptom index scores of ≥2 or ≥3 are indicative of functionally important respiratory symptoms and could be used to assess the relationship between tobacco use and respiratory health.