Clove Buds Essential Oil: The Impact of Grinding on the Chemical Composition and Its Biological Activities Involved in Consumer’s Health Security
Dorsaf Ben Hassine, Salma Kammoun El Euch, Rami Rahmani, Nessrine Ghazouani, Rouguiata Kane, Manef Abderrabba, Jalloul Bouajila
Abstract
This study is aimed at identifying the chemical composition of the essential oil extracted from the Syzygium aromaticum seeds, as well as investigating its biological activities, insecticide effect, and allelopathic properties. The extraction yield was about 14.3 and 7.14% for grounded and ungrounded seeds, respectively. The GC‐MS analysis allowed the identification of 17 heterogeneous compounds, including eugenol (68.7‐87.4%), as major compound, cyperene (20.5‐7.2%), phenethyl isovalerate (6.4‐3.6%), and cis ‐thujopsene (1.9‐0.8%), respectively, for grounded and ungrounded seeds. Concerning the antibacterial activity, the diameter of the inhibition zone reached 35 mm when the essential oil extracted from grounded seeds was applied against Escherichia coli . Regarding the antioxidant activity via the DPPH radical scavenging test, the IC 50 varied from 1.2 ± 0.1 to 2.8 ± 0.5 μ g/mL. With respect to reducing power, the efficient concentration EC 50 ranged from 32 to 50 μ g/mL. The essential oil exhibited also an allelopathic effect against seeds of Hyoscyamus niger , as well as an insecticide effect against Sitophilus oryzae with a DL 50 value of 252.4 μ L/L air. These findings enhance the use of this spice as a natural food preservative and encourage its use in several fields, including pharmaceutical, cosmetics, agriculture, and therapy, that could be a strategic way to guarantee the consumer’s health.